Temperature Stress at Grain Filling Stage Mediates Expression of Three Isoform Genes Encoding Starch Branching Enzymes in Rice Endosperm

doi:10.1016/S1672-6308(08)60078-5

摘要/Abstract

摘要： An early-maturity indica rice variety Zhefu 49, whose grain quality and starch structure are sensitive to environmental temperature, was subjected to different temperatures (32ºC for high temperature and 22ºC for optimum temperature) at the grain filling stage in plant growth chambers, and the different expressions of three isoform genes (SBEI, SBEIII and SBEIV) encoding starch branching enzyme (SBE) in the endosperms were studied by the real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (FQ-PCR) method. Effects of high temperature on the SBE expression in developing rice endosperms were isoform-dependent. High temperature significantly down-regulated the expressions of SBEI and SBEIII, while up-regulated the expression of SBEIV. Compared with SBEIV and SBEIII, the expression of SBEI gene in Zhefu 49 rice endosperms was more sensitive to temperature variation at the grain filling stage. This study indicates that changes in weather/climate conditions especially temperature stress influence rice grain formation and its quality as evidenced by isoform expression.

WEI Ke-su, CHENG Fang-min, ZHANG Qi-fang, LIU Kui-gang. Temperature Stress at Grain Filling Stage Mediates Expression of Three Isoform Genes Encoding Starch Branching Enzymes in Rice Endosperm[J]. RICE SCIENCE, 2009, 16(3): 187-193 .

参考文献

1 Peng S B, Huang J L, Sheehy J E, Laza R C, Visperas R M, Zhong X H, Centeno G S, Khush G S, Cassman K G. Rice yields decline with higher night temperature from global warming. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2004, 101(27): 9971– 9975.
2 Prasad P V V, Boote K J, Allen L H, Sheehy J E, Thomas J M G. Species, ecotype and cultivar differences in spikelet fertility and harvest index of rice in response to high temperature stress. Field Crop Res, 2006, 95: 398–411.
3 Tashiro T, Warldaw F. The effect of high temperature on kernel dimension and the type and occurrence of kernel damage in rice. Aust J Agric Res, 1991, 42: 485–496.
4 Zhong L J, Cheng F M, Wen X, Sun Z X, Zhang G P. The deterioration of eating and cooking quality caused by high temperature during grain filling in early-season indica rice cultivars. J Agron Crop Sci, 2005, 191: 218–225.
5 Asaoka M, Okuno K, Sugimoto Y, Fuwa H. Effect of environmental temperature at the milky stage on amylose content and fine structure of amylopectin of waxy and non-waxy endosperm starches of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Agric Biol Chem, 1985, 49: 373–379.
6 Shen B, Cheng N, Li T G, Luo Y K. Effect of temperature on rice chalkiness formation and changes of materials in endosperm. Chinese J Rice Sci, 1997, 11(3): 183–186. (in Chinese with English abstract)
7 Zakaria S, Matsuda T, Tajima S. Effect of high temperature at ripening stage on the reserve accumulation in seed in some rice cultivars. Plant Prod Sci, 2002, 5: 160–168.
8 Tao L X, Wang X, Liao X Y, Shen B, Tan H J, Huang S W. Physiological effects of air temperature and sink-source volume at milk-filling stage of rice on its grain quality. Chin J Appl Ecol, 2006, 17(4): 647–652. (in Chinese with English abstract)
9 Li M Y, Shi Q H, Hu Z H, Pan X H, Tan X M. Effects of high temperature stress on activity of amylose synthease in endosperm of early-indica rice varieties. Acta Agron Sin, 2007, 40(8): 1622–1629. (in Chinese with English abstract)
10 Maestri E, Klueva N, Perrotta C, Gulli M, Nguyen H T, Marmiroli N. Molecular genetics of heat tolerance and heat shock proteins in cereals. Plant Mol Biol, 2002, 48: 667–681.
11 Zhang G L, Chen L Y, Zhang S T, Xiao Y H, He Z Z, Lei D Y. Effect of high temperature stress on protective enzyme activities and membrane permeability of flag leaf in rice. Acta Agron Sin, 2006, 32(9): 1306–1311. (in Chinese with English abstract)
12 Xu J B, Cao Y Y, Shi Q H, Li M Y. Effects of high temperature stress on atpase activity of plasma membrane and NH4+ absorption rate in roots of early rice. Acta Agron Sin, 2006, 32(7): 1044–1048. (in Chinese with English abstract)
13 Li T G, Shen B, Cheng N, Luo Y K. Effect of Q-enzyme on the chalkiness formation of rice grain. Acta Agron Sin, 1997, 23: 338–344. (in Chinese with English abstract)
14 Nakamura Y, Yuki K, Park S. Carbohydrate metabolism in the developing endosperm of rice grain. Plant Cell Physiol, 1989, 30(6): 833–839.
15 Cheng F M, Zhong L J, Sun Z X. Effect of temperature at grain-filling stage on starch biosynthetic metabolism in developing rice grains of early-indica. Sci Agric Sin, 2003, 27(2): 201–206. (in Chinese with English abstract)
16 Nakamura Y. Towards a better understanding of the metabolic system for amylopectin biosynthesis in plants: Rice endosperm as a model tissue. Plant Cell Physiol, 2002, 43(7): 718–725.
17 James M G, Denyer K, Myers A M. Starch synthesis in the cereal endosperm. Curr Opin Plant Biol, 2003, 6(3): 215– 222.
18 Vandeputte G E, Delcour J A. From sucrose to starch granule to starch physical behavior: A focus on rice starch. Carbohydr Polym, 2004, 58: 245–266.
19 Blauth S L, Kim K N, Kiucinec J, Shannon J C, Thompson D, Ghiltinan M. Identification of mutator insertional mutants of starch-branching enzyme I (sbeI) in Zea mays L. Plant Mol Biol, 2002, 3: 287–297.
20 Guan H P, Baba T, Preiss J. Expression of branching enzyme I of maize endosperm in E. coli. Plant Physiol, 1994, 104(4): 1449–1453.
21 Repellin A, Baga M, Chibbar R N. Characterization of a cDNA encoding a type I starch branching enzyme produced in developing wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) kernels. J Plant Physiol, 2001, 158: 91–100.
22 Mizuno K, Kawasaki T, Shimada H, Satoh H, Kobayashi E, Okumura S, Arai Y, Baba T. Alteration of the structural properties of starch components by the lack of an isoform of starch branching enzymes in rice seeds. J Biol Chem, 1993, 268(25): 19084–19091.
23 Namanouchi H, Nakamura Y. Organ specificity of isoforms of starch branching enzyme (Q-enzyme) in rice. Plant Cell Physiol, 1992, 33: 985–991.
24 Mizuno K, Kimura K, Arai Y, Kawasaki T, Shimada H, Baba T. Starch branching enzymes from immature rice seeds. J Biol Chem, 1992, 112(5): 643–651.
25 Harrington S B, Bligh H F J, Park W D, Jones C A, McCouch S R. Linkage mapping of starch branching enzyme III in rice (Oryza sativa L.) and prediction of location of orthologous genes in other grasses. Theor Appl Genet, 1997, 94(5): 564– 568.
26 Satoh H, Nishi A, Yamashita K, Yamashita K, Takemoto Y, Tanaka Y, Hosaka Y, Sakurai A, Fujita N, NakamurY. Starch branching enzyme I-deficient mutation specifically affects the structure and properties of starch in rice endosperm. Plant Physiol, 2003, 133: 1111–1121.
27 Zhang H Y, Dong H T, Yao H G, Xiang Y J, Tan X L, Fang Y Q, Deng Y, Jin Q C, Daniel C, Jiang Y X, Dai C E, Yan W Z, Li D B. Isolation of total RNA from rice endosperm and expression of important genes related to grain quality in rice (Oryza sativa). Chinese J Rice Sci, 2005, 19(2): 105–110. (in Chinese with English abstract)
28 Rejeevan M S, Ranamukhaarachi D G, Vernon S D, Unger E R. Use of real-time quantitative PCR to validate the results of cDNA array and differential display PCR technologies. Methods, 2001, 25: 443–451.
29 Jin Z X, Qian C R, Yang J, Liu H Y, Jin X Y. Effects of temperature at grain filling stage on activities of key enzymes related to starch synthesis and grain quality of rice. Rice Sci, 2005, 12(4): 261–266.
30 Umemoto T, Nakamura Y, Ishikura N. Activity of starch synthase and the amylose content in rice endosperm. Phytochemistry, 1995, 40(6): 1613–1616.
31 Zhang J Y, Wan X Y, Zhai H J, Wan J M. The research progress of molecular biology in rice quality. Jiangsu J Agric Sci, 2003, 19(2): 114–122. (in Chinese with English abstract)
32 Mizuno K, Kobayashi E, Tachibana M, Kawasaki T, Fujimura T, Funane K, Kobayashi M, Baba T. Characterization of an isoform of rice starch branching enzyme, RBE4, in developing seeds. Plant Cell Physiol, 2001, 42: 349–357.
33 Jiang H W, Dian W M, Wu P. Effect of high temperature on fine structure of amylopectin in rice endosperm by reducing the activity of the starch branching enzyme. Phytochemistry, 2003, 63: 53–59.
34 Smith A M, Denyer K, Martin C R. What controls the amount and structure of starch in storage organ? Plant Physiol, 1995, 107: 673–677.
35 Kawasaki T, Mizuno K, Shimada H. Coordinated regulation of the genes participating in starch biosynthesis by the rice floury-2 locus. Plant Physiol, 1996, 110: 89–96.